Osteoarthritis
What is osteoarthritis?
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a slow and progressive joint disease that is mainly seen in elderly individuals. This disease occurs when the cartilage (soft tissue) present in the joints is damaged, leading to problems in the bones as well. OA is mainly seen in the weight-bearing joints, such as those in the hips and knees. It may also affect the spine and the joints in the hands.
What are the symptoms of OA?
• Joint pain
• Stiffness and swelling in the affected joint
• Decreased function of the affected joint
• Crackling noises with movement of the affected joint
How is OA diagnosed?
OA is diagnosed on the basis of the clinical symptoms and signs. One of the main signs is worsening pain in the affected joints. X-rays are also useful in helping the doctor assess the severity of the condition.
How is OA treated?
OA is treated with a combination of physical measures, drug therapy, and surgery if required.
• Physical Measures include proper exercise and use of appliances like knee bracing
• Drug therapy includes topical drugs like capsaicin, oral drugs such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and stronger medications such as narcotics.
• Steroid injections into the joint space may be needed when there is sudden flare-up of knee pain or when there is significant swelling in the joint.
• Surgical therapy includes arthroscopy or total joint replacement if the joint is severely damaged and cannot be repaired.
How can patients cope with OA?
Some lifestyle changes can help people cope with OA. these include;
• Proper positioning and support to neck and back while sitting
• Avoiding trauma • Proper posture while sleeping
• Adjusting equipment such as chairs or toilet seats
• Avoiding repetitive motions of the affected joints
• Weight loss is also useful in managing OA
• Regular exercises improve muscle strength and reduce the disability associated with OA
